NAD+

NAD+ research peptide functions as an essential cofactor in redox reactions, shuttling electrons in metabolic processes such as glycolysis, the TCA cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation to generate ATP within mitochondria. Furthermore, it serves as a substrate for key enzymes including sirtuins (SIRTs), which regulate gene expression, mitochondrial biogenesis, and stress resistance through deacetylation, as well as PARPs for DNA damage repair via ADP-ribosylation. Additionally, NAD+ influences CD38 and other NADases involved in calcium signaling and immune modulation. Laboratory investigations, including those on aging models, show that restoring NAD+ levels mitigates declines in sirtuin activity, reduces oxidative stress, enhances autophagy, and supports neuroplasticity. These multifaceted roles contribute to observed improvements in models of metabolic dysfunction and neurodegeneration, with recent research underscoring its reassuring potential for targeted cellular homeostasis and longevity pathway modulation.

• Cellular energy metabolism and redox balance studies

• Sirtuin activation and deacetylation mechanism analysis

• DNA repair and PARP pathway investigations

• Mitochondrial biogenesis and function evaluations

• Aging-related decline and neuroprotection research

• Metabolic regulation and inflammatory response examinations

• Xie N et al. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2020;5:227. 

• Fang EF et al. Trends Mol Med. 2017;23(10):899-916. 

• Abdellatif M et al. Circulation. 2021;143(25):2518-2533.

• Yoshino J et al. Cell Metab. 2018;27(3):513-528. 

• Yusri K et al. Nat Aging. 2025;1:1-18.